Interactive Question Answering Systems: Literature Review

A collection of work regarding Interactive Question Answering Systems standing over 10 years. This list will be periodically updated.

The above figure depicts the general architecture of interactive question-answering systems designed in this work.

Let us know if your recent work is not in the list, we will be happy to include it! Here the work from which table is extracted.

@article{giovanni2022survey,
  author    = {Giovanni Maria Biancofiore and
               Yashar Deldjoo and
               Tommaso Di Noia and
               Eugenio Di Sciascio and
               Fedelucio Narducci},
  title     = {Interactive Question Answering Systems: a Literature Review},
  journal   = {CoRR-arxiv},
  year      = {2022},
}

Papers

In this Section, we provide the complete list of published work analyzed in our survey. Each table refers to Question Answering Systems (QASs) that target a distinct task. The tables further detail the publication year of the work, its title and the link to the orginial paper, the list of authors involved in that work, the venue and links to its code/dataset if available. The overall section is organized as follows:

Open-Goal QA

The open-goal QASs are classified into commmunity QASs (cQASs) and classifier-based QASs (CB QASs).

COMMUNITY QUESTION-ANSWERING

Year Title Author Venue Code Dataset
2020 Building interactive sentence-aware representation based on generative language model for community question answering Jinmeng Wu, Tingting Mu, Jeyarajan Thiyagalingam, and John Yannis Goulermas Neurocomputing - TREC, YH, StEx, WikiQA
2020 Support-BERT: Predicting Quality of Question-Answer Pairs in MSDN using Deep Bidirectional Transformer Bhaskar Sen, Nikhil Gopal, and Xinwei Xue CoRR - MDN
2019 Multi-modal Knowledge-aware Hierarchical Attention Network for Explainable Medical Question Answering Yingying Zhang, Shengsheng Qian, Quan Fang, and Changsheng Xu ACM Multimedia - -
2018 Attentive Interactive Convolutional Matching for Community Question Answering in Social Multimedia Jun Hu, Shengsheng Qian, Quan Fang, and Changsheng Xu ACM Multimedia GitHub Quora, Zhihu
2018 Toward Data-Driven Tutorial Question Answering with Deep Learning Conversational Models Mayank Kulkarni, and Kristy Elizabeth Boyer BEA@NAACL-HTL - StEx
2018 Multi-Scale Attentive Interaction Networks for Chinese Medical Question Answer Selection Sheng Zhang, Xin Zhang, Hui Wang, Lixiang Guo, and Shanshan Liu IEEE Access - cMedQA 2.0
2017 Temporal Interaction and Causal Influence in Community-Based Question Answering Fei Wu, Xinyu Duan, Jun Xiao, Zhou Zhao, Siliang Tang, Yin Zhang, and Yueting Zhuang IEEE Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering - SemEval-2015, Baiduzhidao
2017 End-to-End Non-Factoid Question Answering with an Interactive Visualization of Neural Attention Weights Andreas Rücklé, and Iryna Gurevych ACL GitHub Insurance QA, StEx
2017 Single turn Chinese emotional conversation generation based on information retrieval and question answering Zhiheng Zhou, Man Lan, Yuanbin Wu, and Jun Lang IALP - -
2016 Neural Contextual Conversation Learning with Labeled Question-Answering Pairs Kun Xiong, Anqi Cui, Zefeng Zhang, and Ming Li CoRR - -
2012 Strategies for Mixed-Initiative Conversation Management using Question-Answer Pairs Wilson Wong, Lawrence Cavedon, John Thangarajah, and Lin Padgham COLING - -

CLASSIFIER-BASED QUESTION-ANSWERING

Year Title Author Venue Code Dataset
2020 Enabling Interactive Answering of Procedural Questions Anutosh Maitra, Shivam Garg, and Shubhashis Sengupta NLDB - FitBit, DLink, Insurance Bank of America
2020 Explaining Question Answering Models through Text Generation Veronica Latcinnik, and Jonathan Berant CoRR GitHub CSQA, QASC
2019 Multilingual Question Answering from Formatted Text applied to Conversational Agents Wissam Siblini, Charlotte Pasqual, Axel Lavielle, and Cyril Cauchois CoRR - SQuAD 1.1
2019 Intelligent Voice Agent and Service (iVAS) for Interactive and Multimodal Question and Answers James Lockett, Sanith Wijesinghe, Jasper Phillips, Ian Gross, Michael Schoenfeld, Walter T. Hiranpat, Phillip J. Marlow, Matt Coarr, and Qian Hu FQAS - Yelp
2019 automaTA: Human-Machine Interaction for Answering Context-Specific Questions Changyoon Lee, Donghoon Han, Hyoungwook Jin, and Alice Oh L@S - -
2019 Learning to Align Question and Answer Utterances in Customer Service Conversation with Recurrent Pointer Networks Shizhu He, Kang Liu, and Weiting An AAAI - -
2019 Real Life Application of a Question Answering System Using BERT Language Model Francesca Alloatti, Luigi Di Caro, and Gianpiero Sportelli SIGdial - Italian Fiscal Agency handbooks
2019 FAQ Retrieval using Query-Question Similarity and BERT-Based Query-Answer Relevance Wataru Sakata, Tomohide Shibata, Ribeka Tanaka, and Sadao Kurohashi SIGIR GitHub localgovFAQ, StEx
2019 Answering Why-Questions via Rephrasing Allen Nie, Erin D. Bennett, and Noah D. Goodman CoRR GitHub NewsCrawl, NewsCommentary, Winograd, COPA
2018 Natural Language Interfaces with Fine-Grained User Interaction: A Case Study on Web APIs Yu Su, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Miaosen Wang, and Ryen W. White SIGIR - NL2API
2016 Evaluation of Question-Answering System About Conversational Agent’s Personality Hiroaki Sugiyama, Toyomi Meguro, and Ryuichiro Higashinaka IWSDS - Person DB
2013 Interactive Question Answering Based on FAQ Song Liu, Yixin Zhong, and Fuji Ren CCL - Baiduzhidao
2012 Connecting Question Answering and Conversational Agents - Contextualizing German Questions for Interactive Question Answering Systems Ulli Waltinger, Alexa Breuing, and Ipke Wachsmuth Künstliche Intelligenz - CLEF-2007, SmartWeb corpus

Factoid QA

The factoid QASs are classified into machine reading comprehension QASs (MRC QASs) and knowledge base QASs (KB QASs).

MACHINE READING COMPREHENSION QUESTION-ANSWERING

Year Title Author Venue Code Dataset
2021 Question Rewriting for Conversational Question Answering Svitlana Vakulenko, Shayne Longpre, Zhucheng Tu, and Raviteja Anantha WSDM - CANARD, TREC, QuAC
2020 Directional attention weaving for text-grounded conversational question answering Ronghan Li, Zejun Jiang, Lifang Wang, Xinyu Lu, and Meng Zhao Neurocomputing - CoQA
2020 Investigating Query Expansion and Coreference Resolution in Question Answering on BERT Santanu Bhattacharjee, Rejwanul Haque, Gideon Maillette de Buy Wenniger, and Andy Way NLDB - SQuAD
2020 An Audio-Enriched BERT-Based Framework for Spoken Multiple-Choice Question Answering Chia-Chih Kuo, Shang-Bao Luo, and Kuan-Yu Chen INTERSPEECH - FGC
2020 Learning to Identify Follow-Up Questions in Conversational Question Answering Souvik Kundu, Qian Lin, and Hwee Tou Ng ACL GitHub LIF
2020 An Empirical Study of Content Understanding in Conversational Question Answering Ting-Rui Chiang, Hao-Tong Ye, and Yun-Nung Chen AAAI GitHub QuAC, CoQA
2020 Fluent Response Generation for Conversational Question Answering Ashutosh Baheti, Alan Ritter, and Kevin Small ACL GitHub SQuAD 2.0, CoQA
2020 Do not let the history haunt you: Mitigating Compounding Errors in Conversational Question Answering Angrosh Mandya, James O’Neill, Danushka Bollegala, and Frans Coenen LREC - CoQA
2020 Exploring BERT Parameter Efficiency on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset v2.0 Eric Hulburd CoRR - SQuAD 2.0
2020 Conversational Question Answering in Low Resource Scenarios: A Dataset and Case Study for Basque Arantxa Otegi, Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre, Jon Ander Campos, Aitor Soroa, and Eneko Agirre LREC - ElkarHizketak
2019 How Does BERT Answer Questions?: A Layer-Wise Analysis of Transformer Representations Betty van Aken, Benjamin Winter, Alexander Löser, and Felix A. Gers CIKM GitHub SQuAD, HotpotQA, bAbI
2019 Evaluating Co-reference Chains Based Conversation History in Conversational Question Answering Angrosh Mandya, Danushka Bollegala, and Frans Coenen PLACING - CoQA
2019 Question Answering Using Hierarchical Attention on Top of BERT Features Reham A. Osama, Nagwa M. El-Makky, and Marwan Torki MRQA@EMNLP - MRQA 2019 shared task
2019 Open-Retrieval Conversational Question Answering Chen Qu, Liu Yang, Cen Chen, Minghui Qiu, W. Bruce Croft, and Mohit Iyyer SIGIR GitHub OR-QuAC
2019 Multi-passage BERT: A Globally Normalized BERT Model for Open-domain Question Answering Zhiguo Wang, Patrick Ng, Xiaofei Ma, Ramesh Nallapati, and Bing Xiang EMNLP/IJCNLP - OpenSQuAD, TriviaQA, QuasarT, SearchQA
2019 An Adaptive Framework for Conversational Question Answering Lixin Su, Jiafeng Guo, Yixing Fan, Yanyan Lan, Ruqing Zhang, and Xueqi Cheng AAAI - CoQA
2019 Incorporate User Representation for Personal Question Answer Selection Using Siamese Network Zihao Qi, Dario Bertero, Ian D. Wood, and Pascale Fung ICASSP - -
2019 Answer-Supervised Question Reformulation for Enhancing Conversational Machine Comprehension Qian Li, Hui Su, Cheng Niu, Daling Wang, Zekang Li, Shi Feng, and Yifei Zhang MRQA@EMNLP - QuAC
2019 End-to-End Open-Domain Question Answering with BERTserini Wei Yang, Yuqing Xie, Aileen Lin, Xingyu Li, Luchen Tan, Kun Xiong, Ming Li, and Jimmy Lin NAACL-HLT - SQuAD
2019 Attentive History Selection for Conversational Question Answering Chen Qu, Liu Yang, Minghui Qiu, Yongfeng Zhang, Cen Chen, W. Bruce Croft, and Mohit Iyyer CIKM GitHub QuAC
2019 BERT with History Answer Embedding for Conversational Question Answering Chen Qu, Liu Yang, Minghui Qiu, W. Bruce Croft, Yongfeng Zhang, and Mohit Iyyer SIGIR GitHub QuAC
2019 Technical report on Conversational Question Answering Ying Ju, Fubang Zhao, Shijie Chen, Bowen Zheng, Xuefeng Yang, and Yunfeng Liu CoRR - CoQA
2019 MICRON: Multigranular Interaction for Contextualizing RepresentatiON in Non-factoid Question Answering Hojae Han, Seungtaek Choi, Haeju Park, and Seung-won Hwang EMNLP/IJCNLP GitHub WikiPassageQA, InsuranceQA
2019 Data Augmentation for BERT Fine-Tuning in Open-Domain Question Answering Wei Yang, Yuqing Xie, Luchen Tan, Kun Xiong, Ming Li, and Jimmy Lin CoRR   SQuAD 1.1, TriviaQA
2019 Interactive Language Learning by Question Answering Xingdi Yuan, Marc-Alexandre Côté, Jie Fu, Zhouhan Lin, Chris Pal, Yoshua Bengio, and Adam Trischler EMNLP/IJCNLP GitHub QAit
2019 Gendered Pronoun Resolution using BERT and an extractive question answering formulation Rakesh Chada CoRR GitHub GAP Coreference
2019 Multi-step Retriever-Reader Interaction for Scalable Open-domain Question Answering Rajarshi Das, Shehzaad Dhuliawala, Manzil Zaheer, and Andrew McCallum ICLR Github TriviaQA, SearchQA, Quasar-T, SQuAD
2019 A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Yosi Mass, Haggai Roitman, Shai Erera, Or Rivlin, Bar Weiner, and David Konopnicki CoRR - WikiPassageQA
2019 Pruning a BERT-based Question Answering Model CoRR J. S. McCarley - SQuAD 2.0, Natural Questions
2019 CoQA: A Conversational Question Answering Challenge Siva Reddy, Danqi Chen, and Christopher D. Manning Transactions of the ACL - CoQA
2019 Conversational AI : Open Domain Question Answering and Commonsense Reasoning Kinjal Basu Technical Communications - SQuAD
2019 Multilingual Question Answering from Formatted Text applied to Conversational Agents Wissam Siblini, Charlotte Pasqual, Axel Lavielle, and Cyril Cauchois CoRR - SQuAD
2018 Question-Answer Selection in User to User Marketplace Conversations Girish Kumar, Matthew Henderson, Shannon Chan, Hoang Nguyen, and Lucas Ngoo IWSDS - -
2018 SDNet: Contextualized Attention-based Deep Network for Conversational Question Answering Chenguang Zhu, Michael Zeng, and Xuedong Huang CoRR - CoQA
2017 A Context-aware Attention Network for Interactive Question Answering Huayu Li, Martin Renqiang Min, Yong Ge, and Asim Kadav KDD - bAbI, ibAbI
2017 Enhancing Document-Based Question Answering via Interaction Between Question Words and POS Tags Zhipeng Xie NLPCC - NLPCC shared task
2016 An Interactive e-Government Question Answering System Malte Schwarzer, Jonas Düver, Danuta Ploch, and Andreas Lommatzsch LWDA - -

KNOWLEDGE BASE QUESTION-ANSWERING

Year Title Author Venue Code Dataset
2020 PERQ: Predicting, Explaining, and Rectifying Failed Questions in KB-QA Systems Zhiyong Wu, Ben Kao, Tien-Hsuan Wu, Pengcheng Yin, and Qun Liu WSDM - SimpleQ
2020 Attending Knowledge Facts with BERT-like Models in Question-Answering: Disappointing Results and Some Explanations Guillaume Le Berre, and Philippe Langlais Canadian Conference on AI - OpenBookQA, ARC
2019 How Does BERT Answer Questions?: A Layer-Wise Analysis of Transformer Representations Betty van Aken, Benjamin Winter, Alexander Löser, and Felix A. Gers CIKM GitHub SQuAD 1.1, bAbi, HotpotQA
2019 Asking Clarification Questions in Knowledge-Based Question Answering Jingjing Xu, Yuechen Wang, Duyu Tang, Nan Duan, Pengcheng Yang, Qi Zeng, Ming Zhou, and Xu Sun EMNLP/IJCNLP GitHub CLAQUA
2019 Interactive natural language question answering over knowledge graphs Weiguo Zheng, Hong Cheng, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Lei Zou, and Kangfei Zhao Information Sciences - QALD-5, WQ, GQ
2019 An Interactive Mechanism to Improve Question Answering Systems via Feedback Xinbo Zhang, Lei Zou, and Sen Hu CIKM - QALD-6, WQ-SP
2019 Memory Graph Networks for Explainable Memory-grounded Question Answering Seungwhan Moon, Pararth Shah, Anuj Kumar, and Rajen Subba CoNLL - MemQA
2019 BB-KBQA: BERT-Based Knowledge Base Question Answering Aiting Liu, Ziqi Huang, Hengtong Lu, Xiaojie Wang, and Caixia Yuan CCL - NLPCC-ICCPOL 2016
2019 Look before you Hop: Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs Using Judicious Context Expansion Philipp Christmann, Rishiraj Saha Roy, Abdalghani Abujabal, Jyotsna Singh, and Gerhard Weikum CIKM CONVEX Website ConvQuestions
2019 Answering Conversational Questions on Structured Data without Logical Forms Thomas Müller, Francesco Piccinno, Peter Shaw, Massimo Nicosia, and Yasemin Altun EMNLP/IJCNLP - SequentialQA
2019 Multi-Task Learning for Conversational Question Answering over a Large-Scale Knowledge Base Tao Shen, Xiubo Geng, Tao Qin, Daya Guo, Duyu Tang, Nan Duan, Guodong Long, and Daxin Jiang EMNLP/IJCNLP GitHub CSQA
2018 Dialog-to-Action: Conversational Question Answering Over a Large-Scale Knowledge Base Daya Guo, Duyu Tang, Nan Duan, Ming Zhou, and Jian Yin NeurIPS - CSQA
2018 Interactive Instance-based Evaluation of Knowledge Base Question Answering Daniil Sorokin, and Iryna Gurevych EMNLP GithHub -
2018 An Attention-Based Word-Level Interaction Model: Relation Detection for Knowledge Base Question Answering Hongzhi Zhang, Guandong Xu, Xiao Liang, Tinglei Huang, and Kun Fu CoRR - SQ, WQ
2016 Question answering in conversations: Query refinement using contextual and semantic information Maryam Habibi, Parvaz Mahdabi, and Andrei Popescu-Belis Data & Knowledge Engineering - AREX
2015 Understanding Questions and Extracting Answers: Interactive Quiz Game Application Design Volha Petukhova, Desmond Darma Putra, Alexandr Chernov, and Dietrich Klakow LTC - -
2014 Interaction History Based Answer Formulation for Question Answering Rivindu Perera, and Parma Nand KESW - -
2014 Constructing an Interactive Natural Language Interface for Relational Databases Fei Li, and H. V. Jagadish VLDB - MAS
2010 Natural Language Interfaces to Ontologies: Combining Syntactic Analysis and Ontology-Based Lookup through the User Interaction Danica Damljanovic, Milan Agatonovic, and Hamish Cunningham ESWC GitHub Mooney Geoquery, LDSR

Visual QA

The visual QASs are multi-modal QASs that deal with images and videos.

VISUAL QUESTION-ANSWERING

Year Title Author Venue Code Dataset
2020 Multi-Layer Content Interaction Through Quaternion Product for Visual Question Answering Lei Shi, Shijie Geng, Kai Shuang, Chiori Hori, Songxiang Liu, Peng Gao, and Sen Su ICASSP - VQA 2.0, VG
2020 A Study on Multimodal and Interactive Explanations for Visual Question Answering Kamran Alipour, Jürgen P. Schulze, Yi Yao, Avi Ziskind, and Giedrius Burachas SafeAI@AAAI - VQA, VG
2019 Multi-interaction Network with Object Relation for Video Question Answering Weike Jin, Zhou Zhao, Mao Gu, Jun Yu, Jun Xiao, and Yueting Zhuang ACM Multimedia - TGIF-QA
2019 Compact Trilinear Interaction for Visual Question Answering Tuong Do, Huy Tran, Thanh-Toan Do, Erman Tjiputra, and Quang D. Tran ICCV GitHub VQA 2.0, TDIUC, Visual7W
2019 Multi-Modality Latent Interaction Network for Visual Question Answering Peng Gao, Haoxuan You, Zhanpeng Zhang, Xiaogang Wang, and Hongsheng Li ICCV - VQA 2.0, TDIUC
2019 Intra-Modality Feature Interaction Using Self-attention for Visual Question Answering Huan Shao, Yunlong Xu, Yi Ji, Jianyu Yang, and Chunping Liu ICONIP - VQA 2.0
2019 Integrating Non-monotonic Logical Reasoning and Inductive Learning With Deep Learning for Explainable Visual Question Answering Heather Riley, and Mohan Sridharan Frontiers Robotics GitHub BelgiumTS
2018 Enhancing Interaction with Social Networking Sites for Visually Impaired People by Using Textual and Visual Question Answering Akshit Pradhan, Pragya Shukla, Pallavi Patra, Rohit Pathak, and Ajay Kumar Jena CICBA - MSCOCO, bAbi
2018 IQA: Visual Question Answering in Interactive Environments Daniel Gordon, Aniruddha Kembhavi, Mohammad Rastegari, Joseph Redmon, Dieter Fox, and Ali Farhadi CVPR - IQUAD v1
2018 Customized Image Narrative Generation via Interactive Visual Question Generationand Answering Andrew Shin, Yoshitaka Ushiku, and Tatsuya Harada CVPR - MSCOCO, VQA
2018 VQA-E: Explaining, Elaborating, and Enhancing Your Answers for Visual Questions Qing Li, Qingyi Tao, Shafiq R. Joty, Jianfei Cai, and Jiebo Luo ECCV - VQA-E
2018 Tell-and-Answer: Towards Explainable Visual Question Answering using Attributes and Captions Qing Li, Jianlong Fu, Dongfei Yu, Tao Mei, and Jiebo Luo EMNLP - VQA
2015 BERT Representations for Video Question Answering Zekun Yang, Noa Garcia, Chenhui Chu, Mayu Otani, Yuta Nakashima, and Haruo Takemura EMNLP - TVQA, Pororo

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